breast augmentation

breast cancer A common form of cancer that begins in the breast. There are many types of breast cancer, and they differ in their capability of spreading to other body tissues (metastasis). Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, although it is more common in women. Some forms of breast cancer are genetic (inherited), and others are linked to exposure to cancer-causing substances, but most cases of breast cancer occur for unknown reasons. Risk factors for breast cancer may include genetic predisposition, as indicated by a history of breast cancer in close relatives; overexposure of the chest to radiation, smoking, childlessness, induced abortion, obesity and diet, and exposure to carcinogenic substances. Breast cancer is diagnosed with self-examination and physician examination of the breasts, mammography, ultrasound testing, and biopsy. Treatment depends on the type and location of the breast cancer, as well as the age and health of the patient. Options may include lumpectomy (removal of the small, cancerous area only), chemotherapy, radiation, and partial or total mastectomy. The American Cancer Society recommends that all women should perform regular breast selfexams and that women should have a baseline mammogram done between the ages of 35 and 40 years. After age 40, yearly mammograms are recommended. Breast cancer prevention includes diet changes, avoiding carcinogens when possible, and screening. Most breast cancers are treatable when caught early, and survival rates are high. See also breast cancer susceptibility gene; breast cancer, familial; breast, infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the; breast, infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the; mastectomy.