breathing

Breathing is the process of taking in oxygen (inhalation) and expelling carbon dioxide (exhalation) through the lungs. It is essential for the body to function, as oxygen is required for cellular respiration, which provides energy for various bodily functions.

There are two primary phases of breathing:

1. Inhalation (inspiration): This is when the diaphragm contracts and the chest cavity expands, causing air to flow into the lungs. Oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream, where it is transported to various tissues in the body.
2. Exhalation (expiration): This occurs when the diaphragm relaxes, and the chest cavity contracts, pushing air out of the lungs. Carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, is removed from the body during this phase.

Breathing is typically regulated by the brainstem, which automatically controls the rhythm and depth of breathing based on the body’s oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. However, breathing can also be consciously controlled, such as during deep breathing exercises or in situations where we hold our breath.