Huntington’s disease

Huntington’s disease A genetic degenerative disorder of the brain cells characterized by progressive mental and physical deterioration that leads to death. Abbreviated HD. Although HD is usually an adult-onset disorder, it can affect children as well. The average survival time is 15 to 18 years after the onset of symptoms. Mood disturbance is usually the first symptom seen, with bipolar disorder–like mood swings that may include mania, depression, extreme irritability or angry outbursts, and psychosis. Other symptoms include chorea (restless, wiggling, turning movements), muscle stiffness and slowness of movement, and difficulties with memory and other cognitive processes. HD is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The HD gene is on chromosome 4. Diagnosis is made via molecular genetic testing. At this time there is no cure for HD, although medication may be used to control symptoms of the illness, such as mood swings and chorea. See also chorea.