nicotinic acid

Nicotinic Acid (Vitamin B3) is a water-soluble B vitamin that plays a key role in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular signaling. It is also known as niacin and is one of the two main forms of Vitamin B3, the other being niacinamide (nicotinamide).

Functions of Nicotinic Acid (Vitamin B3):

• Essential for converting food into energy as a component of NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP.
• Supports healthy skin, nerves, and digestion.
• Helps in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and neurotransmitters.
• Lowers cholesterol and triglyceride levels, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
• Improves blood circulation and has vasodilatory effects.

Food Sources of Vitamin B3:

• Animal sources: Liver, chicken, turkey, beef, fish (tuna, salmon).
• Plant sources: Whole grains, brown rice, peanuts, mushrooms.
• Fortified foods: Cereals, bread.

Deficiency Symptoms (Pellagra):

Severe niacin deficiency leads to pellagra, which is characterized by the “4 Ds”:

1. Dermatitis – rough, scaly skin rashes, especially in sun-exposed areas.
2. Diarrhea – digestive issues, including nausea and vomiting.
3. Dementia – cognitive impairment, confusion, depression.
4. Death – if left untreated.

Toxicity & Side Effects of High Doses:

• Flushing (redness, warmth, and tingling of the skin, especially on the face).
• High doses (used for cholesterol treatment) may cause liver damage, gastrointestinal issues, and insulin resistance.
• Long-term excessive intake can lead to gastric ulcers and gout.

Interesting Fact:

Nicotinic acid is used as a cholesterol-lowering medication in high doses, as it raises HDL (“good”) cholesterol and lowers LDL (“bad”) cholesterol and triglycerides. However, it should only be taken under medical supervision at high doses!