Dictionary

CA 19–9 A tumor marker found in patients with colorectal, pancreatic, stomach, and bile duct cancer.

C1 through C7 The seven cervical vertebrae of the neck. C1 supports the head and is named atlas, for the Greek god who supported the world. C2 is called the axis because the atlas rotates about the odontoid process, a bony projection of the axis. C7 is sometimes called the prominent vertebra because of its…

C 1 In genetics, cytosine, a member of the G-C (guanine-cytosine) base pair in DNA. 2 In bioscience, carbon, an essential element in the basic structure of living things.

bypass, coronary A form of bypass surgery that can create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, permitting increased blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscles. Also known as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, it is an option for selected patients with significant narrowings and blockages of the heart arteries….

bypass, cardiopulmonary A bypass of the heart and lungs as, for example, in open heart surgery. In this procedure, blood returning to the heart is diverted through a heart-lung machine (a pumpoxygenator) before being returned to the arterial circulation.

bypass An operation in which a new pathway is created for the transport of substances in the body.

butterfly rash A red, flat, butterfly-shaped facial rash over the bridge of the nose. More than half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus develop this characteristic rash. The butterfly rash of lupus is typically painless and does not itch. Along with inflammation in other organs, the rash can be precipitated or worsened by exposure to…

bursitis, shoulder Inflammation of a bursa of the shoulder. There are two major bursae of the shoulder, which is a common location for bursitis.

bursitis, septic Inflammation of a bursa due to infection, usually with bacteria. Septic bursitis is treated with antibiotics, aspiration, and surgery. Also known as infectious bursitis.

bursitis, knee Inflammation of a bursa of the knee. There are three major bursae of the knee, which is a common site for bursitis.

bursitis, hip Inflammation of a bursa of the hip. There are two major bursae of the hip, which is a common location for bursitis.

bursitis, elbow Inflammation of the bursa at the tip of the elbow, called the olecranon bursa. The olecranon bursa is a common site of bursitis.