seizure disorder

seizure disorder One of a great many medical conditions that are characterized by episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain (seizures). Some seizure disorders are hereditary, and others are caused by birth defects or environmental hazards, such as lead poisoning. Seizure disorders are more likely to develop in patients who have other neurological disorders, psychiatric conditions, or immune system problems than in others. In some cases, uncontrolled seizures can cause brain damage, lowered intelligence, and permanent mental and physical impairment. Diagnosis is made via observation, neurological examination, electroencephalogram (EEG), and in some cases, more advanced brain-imaging techniques. Treatment usually involves use of medication, although in difficult cases a special diet (ketogenic diet) or brain surgery may be tried. See also epilepsy; seizure.