tuberculosis

tuberculosis A highly contagious infection that is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Abbreviated TB. Tubercles (tiny lumps) are a characteristic finding in TB. Diagnosis is made via skin test, which if positive is followed by a chest Xray to determine the status (active or dormant) of the infection. TB is more common in people with immune system problems, including AIDS, than in others. Treatment of active TB is mandatory by law in the US, and it should be available at no cost to the patient through the public health system. It involves a course of antibiotics and vitamins that lasts about 6 months. It is important to finish the entire treatment, both to prevent reoccurrence and to prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis. Quarantine is not needed for most patients with tuberculosis, but it is sometimes necessary. See also tuberculosis, active; tuberculosis, antibioticresistant; tuberculosis, dormant; tuberculosis, miliary.