English textbooks

What is a cervical biopsy? A cervical biopsy is a procedure to remove tissue from the cervix to test for abnormal or precancerous conditions, or cervical cancer. The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus. It forms a…

What is cervical disk replacement surgery? Your cervical spine is made up of seven bones called cervical vertebrae. These are stacked on top of each other. They form a bony column at the center of the neck. The cervical disks…

What is cervicitis? Cervicitis is an irritation or infection of the cervix. There are different germs that can cause it. The symptoms may start quickly and be severe. Or it can last several months or longer. What causes cervicitis? Cervicitis…

Most cesarean deliveries are done with regional anesthesia, such as an epidural or spinal. With this type of anesthesia, only the lower part of the body is numbed for surgery. The mother is awake and able to hear and see…

A C-section will be done in an operating room or a special delivery room. Procedures may vary depending on your condition and your healthcare provider’s practices. In most cases, you will be awake for a C-section. Only in rare cases…

What is Chagas disease? Chagas disease is a disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is named for Carlos Chagas, the Brazilian doctor who first identified the disease in 1909. What causes Chagas disease? When people become infected by…

What are chalazions in children? A chalazion is a slow-growing, painless lump in the eyelid that forms because of the blockage and swelling of an oil gland. It’s more common in adults between ages 30 and 50 than in children. How…

A change in behavior may be one of the first signs of illness in a newborn. It’s normal for a baby’s activity, appetite, and cries to vary from day to day, even hour to hour. But a distinct change in any…

What is a blister? A blister is a bump on the skin that contains fluid. Blisters are often round or oval in shape. The fluid that forms underneath the skin can be bloody or clear. What causes a blister? Blisters…

What are calluses and corns? Calluses and corns are thickened areas of skin caused by rubbing (friction) or pressure. The outer layer of skin thickens to protect the bone under the skin with extra padding. Calluses most often occur on…

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) (CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation))

What are some common liver tests? A series of blood tests can often find out if the liver is inflamed, injured, or working normally. These tests can also tell the difference between acute and chronic liver disorders. And they can…