circumcision, female

circumcision, male Surgery that removes the protective ring of loose skin (foreskin) that normally covers the glans of the penis. Circumcision dates back to prehistoric times, and it may be performed for religious or cultural reasons, or to promote cleanliness. Newborn circumcision decreases the risk of urinary tract infections and lowers the risk of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. It also diminishes the risk for cancer of the penis and lessens the risk for cancer of the cervix in sexual partners.