English textbooks

There are many different congenital heart defects (i.e., heart defects present at birth) that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. …

What is congenital hypothyroidism? When the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone, it’s called hypothyroidism. Congenital hypothyroidism is when the disorder is present in a baby at birth. If not treated, it can lead to serious health problems. The…

What is congenital laryngeal stridor? Congenital laryngeal stridor is a noisy or high-pitched sound with breathing. It is from an abnormally formed voice box (larynx). It’s present at birth (congenital). What causes congenital laryngeal stridor? Congenital laryngeal stridor is the…

What is a congenital limb difference in children? A congenital limb difference is when an arm or leg doesn’t form normally as a baby grows in the uterus. The baby is born with the difference. What causes a congenital limb…

What are congenital liver defects? Congenital liver defects are liver disorders that are present at birth. They are rare. These liver disorders usually block the bile ducts. This affects the flow of bile. Bile is a fluid made in the…

What is congenital muscular torticollis? Congenital torticollis means that a baby is born with an odd position of the neck. The odd position is because of a tight, short neck muscle. It affects the right side more often than the…

What is congenital pulmonary stenosis balloon valvuloplasty? Congenital pulmonary stenosis is a health problem that is present from birth. It’s when the pulmonary valve in your heart doesn’t fully open. Congenital pulmonary stenosis balloon valvuloplasty is a procedure to fix…

What is congenital pulmonary stenosis surgery? Congenital pulmonary stenosis is when the pulmonary valve doesn’t fully open. This health problem is present from birth. Congenital pulmonary stenosis surgery aims to fix this problem. It is a type of open heart…

What is conjunctivitis in children? Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye. The conjunctiva is the membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the eye. Conjunctivitis is also known as “pink eye” because the…

Warfarin is a medicine that helps keep your body from forming dangerous blood clots. This could prevent a heart attack or stroke. That’s a very important benefit. But like all medicines, warfarin should be used correctly. Among other things, that…

What is constipation? Constipation is when your stools are painful. Or they don’t happen often enough. It’s the most common GI (gastrointestinal) problem. You may have constipation if: You have bowel movements less than 3 times a week…

The side effects of chemotherapy (chemo) depend on the type of chemo and the amount given. Watching for and managing side effects can help to limit them, and sometimes even prevent them. Constipation and chemotherapy Just as each person is…