Systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy tissues and internal organs. This complex condition causes widespread inflammation that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, heart, and lungs. SLE involves periods of active illness, known as flares, followed by periods of remission.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of systemic lupus erythematosus remains unknown, but it is believed to result from a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Individuals with a genetic predisposition may develop SLE when exposed to specific environmental triggers. Known triggers include ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, certain viral infections, and significant physical or emotional stress. Additionally, specific prescription drugs can induce a temporary form of the disease called drug-induced lupus.

Demographics and hormones play a major role in the risk profile for SLE. The disease is heavily skewed toward females, being approximately eight times more common in women than in men. Onset most frequently occurs during a woman’s reproductive years.