cancer, kidney A malignant tumor of the kidney. Childhood kidney cancer is different from adult kidney cancer. The most common type of childhood kidney cancer is Wilms tumor. The most common type of adult kidney cancer is renal cell cancer (also known as renal adenocarcinoma). A frequent sign of kidney cancer is blood in the urine. The diagnosis of kidney cancer is supported by findings of the medical history and examination, blood, urine, and X-ray tests, and is confirmed with biopsy. Kidney cancer is treated with surgery, embolization, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, biological therapy, or chemotherapy. See also cancer, renal cell; Wilms tumor.

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