Dictionary

prostatectomy Surgical removal of the prostate gland. Prostatectomy can be done through an incision in the abdomen or through the urethra (transurethral resection).

prostate specific antigen test A blood test that is used to screen for cancer of the prostate and to monitor treatment. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a protein that is produced by the prostate gland. If elevated levels of PSA are detected in the blood, additional testing is needed if it is being used as…

prostate gland A gland in the male reproductive system that is located just below the bladder. It surrounds part of the urethra, the canal that empties the bladder. The prostate gland helps to control urination, and it forms part of the content of semen. Also known as simply the prostate.

prostate enlargement Overgrowth of the prostate gland, usually due to a common, benign, and very treatable condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Far fewer cases of prostate enlargement are due to prostate cancer. See also digital rectal exam; prostate cancer; prostate gland; prostate specific antigen test; prostatic hyperplasia, benign.

prostate acid phosphatase An enzyme that is produced by the prostate gland that is elevated in some patients with prostate cancer.

prostaglandin A hormone-like substance that participates in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, modulation of inflammation, and production of the normal protective mucus lining of the stomach. Prostaglandins are derived from a chemical called arachidonic…

prospective study A study in which the subjects are first identified and then followed forward as time passes.

proprioception The ability to sense stimuli arising within the body regarding position, motion, and equilibrium. Even if a person is blindfolded, he or she knows through proprioception if an arm is above the head or hanging by the side of the body. The sense of proprioception is disturbed in many neurological disorders. It can sometimes…

propositus See proband.

prophylaxis The prevention of disease.

prophylactic cranial irradiation Radiation therapy to the head that is intended to prevent cancer from spreading to the brain.

prophylactic 1 A medication or treatment given to prevent development of disease. 2 A drug or device for preventing pregnancy, particularly a condom.