tarsal tunnel syndrome

tarsal tunnel syndrome Symptoms caused by compression of the nerve in the ankle and foot, usually from the trauma of repetitive work involving the ankle. Abbreviated TTS. Obesity, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, arthritis, and diabetes predispose a person to TTS. Symptoms include numbness and tingling of the foot and toes, a “pins and needles” feeling at night, and feelings of weakness in the ankle and of poor coordination. The diagnosis of TTS can be suspected by history, made via examination (by finding Tinel’s sign), and confirmed with a nerve conduction test. Early TTS is usually treated with modification of activities, use of a removable ankle brace, and use of anti-inflammatory medicines. Caught early, TTS is reversible. If numbness and pain continue in the foot and toes, a cortisone injection into the tarsal tunnel can help. In advanced TTS, particularly with profound weakness and muscle atrophy (wasting), surgery is done to avoid permanent nerve damage. The surgical procedure, called a tarsal tunnel release, relieves the pressure exerted on the nerve within the tarsal tunnel. TTS is analogous to carpal tunnel syndrome. See also carpal tunnel syndrome; Tinel’s sign.