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Aortic Valve Regurgitation

Головна / English textbooks / Aortic Valve Regurgitation

What’s aortic valve regurgitation?

When your aortic valve leaks, it is referred to as aortic valve regurgitation or aortic insufficiency. The aortic valve is likely one of the coronary heart’s 4 valves. These valves assist the blood circulation by means of the center and out to the physique. Usually, the aortic valve stops blood from flowing again into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps blood wealthy in oxygen and vitamins to the physique. With aortic valve regurgitation, some blood leaks again by means of the valve as the center relaxes. The valve is generally made of three tissue flaps (leaflets) that open and shut collectively like a door to permit blood to move. Aortic valve regurgitation occurs extra usually with age. It might probably have an effect on anybody.

Aortic valve regurgitation might be acute or persistent. With acute aortic valve regurgitation, the valve all of the sudden turns into leaky. The center doesn’t have time to get used to the leak within the valve. With persistent aortic valve regurgitation, the valve slowly turns into leakier. This offers the center time to get used to the leak.

What causes aortic valve regurgitation?

Aortic valve regurgitation might be attributable to any situation during which the leaflets or the ring construction of the valve is broken. This may happen with the next circumstances:

  • Weakening and calcification of the valve from getting old

  • Hypertension

  • Defects of the aortic valve current at beginning (congenital). This may be a bicuspid valve as an alternative of the traditional tricuspid. A bicuspid valve has 2 leaflets as an alternative of the traditional 3 leaflets.

  • Rheumatic coronary heart illness, an inflammatory illness attributable to Strep micro organism

  • Widening of the aorta for unknown causes

  • Marfan syndrome, a connective tissue dysfunction

  • Sure sorts of arthritis. These embody ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and reactive arthritis.

  • Syphilis, a sexually transmitted an infection (STI)

  • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a connective tissue dysfunction

  • Use of sure appetite-suppressing medicines

  • Bacterial an infection of the center valve (endocarditis)

  • Tearing of the aorta

  • Harm

Who’s in danger for aortic valve regurgitation?

Advancing age is a typical danger issue for aortic regurgitation. You may scale back some danger components for aortic valve regurgitation, resembling:

  • Handle hypertension with life-style and medicines

  • Use antibiotics to deal with rheumatic fever and stop rheumatic coronary heart illness

  • Do not use IV (intravenous) medicine. This lowers the chance for coronary heart valve an infection.

  • Promptly deal with well being circumstances that may result in the dysfunction

There are different danger components, resembling age, that you could’t change. You can also’t change sure genetic circumstances, resembling Marfan syndrome.

What are the signs of aortic valve regurgitation?

It’s possible you’ll not have any signs from delicate aortic regurgitation. If the situation turns into extra extreme, you might develop signs that worsen over time. These could embody:

  • Shortness of breath with exertion

  • Shortness of breath when mendacity flat

  • Fatigue

  • Disagreeable consciousness of your heartbeat (palpitations)

  • Swelling in your legs, stomach, and the veins in your neck

  • Chest ache or tightness with exertion

  • Robust pulses felt within the neck

Sudden extreme aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency, and consists of signs, resembling:

  • Signs of shock (resembling pale pores and skin, unconsciousness, or speedy respiration)

  • Extreme shortness of breath

  • Irregular coronary heart rhythms that make the center unable to pump successfully

How is aortic valve regurgitation recognized?

Your healthcare supplier will take your well being historical past and offer you a bodily examination. Utilizing a stethoscope, they’ll examine for coronary heart murmurs or congestion in your lungs. You may additionally have assessments, resembling:

  • Transthoracic echocardiogram (ultrasound of the center, TTE) to make the analysis, assess severity and consider for a doable trigger. This ultrasound is completed by placing a probe on the floor of the pores and skin to take pictures.

  • Transesophageal echocardiogram (ultrasound of the center taken from the esophagus) to additional assess severity and consider for tearing of the aorta if wanted

  • Stress testing could also be suggested to evaluate how nicely your coronary heart works below bodily stress

  • CT or MRI can be used to evaluate for tearing of the aorta

  • MRI could also be suggested to evaluate severity and coronary heart perform if echocardiogram pictures aren’t ideally suited

  • Cardiac catheterization, aortography, or coronary angiography could also be suggested earlier than aortic valve surgical procedure or when preliminary testing supplies unreliable knowledge

  • Electrocardiogram(ECG), to evaluate coronary heart rhythm

  • Chest X-ray can establish enlargement of the center and aorta

How is aortic valve regurgitation handled?

Therapy varies in accordance with how unhealthy your situation is. When you’ve got a light type of the situation, you might want solely common check-ups along with your healthcare supplier. It’s possible you’ll not have signs for a few years. Signs could worsen slowly over time and never have an effect on every day life.

In extreme aortic regurgitation, surgical procedure is often suggested. The timing of surgical procedure is vital to debate along with your healthcare supplier and surgeon. In some instances, extreme aortic regurgitation could also be handled with medication. Drugs may be used within the short-term earlier than valve substitute surgical procedure. Or it could be used ongoing if you’re not in a position to have valve substitute surgical procedure.

It is also vital to handle your blood stress.

Therapy choices could embody:

  • Medicines to decrease blood stress and assist the center chill out

  • Antiarrhythmic medicines to assist preserve the center’s rhythm

  • Water capsules (diuretics) to cut back swelling

For folks with extreme aortic regurgitation, signs, enlargement of the left ventricle or irregular pump perform, the remedy is commonly considerably totally different:

  • It’s possible you’ll want surgical procedure to interchange the valve.

  • Your healthcare supplier could advocate surgical procedure even if you happen to don’t but have signs. Folks with superior signs are much less more likely to get well nicely from the surgical procedure. Due to this, it is vital to intently comply with up along with your healthcare supplier to verify timing of surgical procedure is best for you.

  • It’s possible you’ll have to take medicines till you may have surgical procedure.

  • Most individuals want a man-made aortic valve. In some instances, an aortic valve restore could also be suggested. The surgeon could do open surgical procedure or could use a minimally invasive method.

  • In the event you want coronary heart surgical procedure for one more cause, your healthcare supplier could advise aortic valve substitute on the identical time.

Generally aortic valve regurgitation is acute:

  • Acute, extreme aortic valve regurgitation wants surgical procedure straight away. It’s possible you’ll want medicines for a short while to stimulate your coronary heart or to dilate or constrict your blood vessels.

  • In some instances, an an infection of the center valves may cause acute valve regurgitation. This may increasingly solely have to be handled with antibiotics.

What are doable problems of aortic valve regurgitation?

Problems are typically related to aortic valve regurgitation, resembling:

To cut back the chance of those problems, your healthcare supplier could prescribe medicines to assist the center pump higher.

Dwelling with aortic valve regurgitation

See your healthcare supplier for normal checkups. Go to them straight away in case your signs change. Make observe of your signs whenever you train. They could worsen throughout bodily exercise. It is common for signs to first be noticeable throughout train. Speak along with your healthcare supplier about your train habits. Inform all of your healthcare suppliers and your dentist about your well being historical past.

Your healthcare supplier could prescribe therapies for coronary heart issues associated to aortic valve regurgitation, resembling:

  • A low-salt, heart-healthy food regimen to lower blood stress and stress in your coronary heart

  • Medicines to decrease your blood stress

  • Medicines to cut back the chance for irregular coronary heart rhythms

  • Discount of caffeine and alcohol to cut back the chance of arrhythmias

  • Ldl cholesterol-lowering medicines

  • Smoking cessation

  • Common bodily exercise as you’re able. This may help management ldl cholesterol and blood stress and maintain your lungs and coronary heart muscle robust.

When ought to I name my healthcare supplier?

In the event you discover your signs regularly getting worse, plan to see your healthcare supplier quickly. It’s possible you’ll want surgical procedure or a medication change.

Get medical assist straight away if:

  • You’ve signs of acute extreme aortic valve regurgitation. These could embody sudden shortness of breath, a speedy heartbeat, chest ache, extreme lightheadedness, and lack of consciousness.

  • You discover sudden new signs.

Key factors about aortic valve regurgitation

  • In aortic valve regurgitation, the center’s aortic valve doesn’t work proper. It turns into leaky permitting some blood circulation again into the left ventricle as an alternative of ahead into the physique.

  • It’s possible you’ll not have signs for a few years.

  • Persistent aortic valve regurgitation could worsen. It could want surgical procedure.

  • Acute, extreme aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency. You need to get assist straight away.

  • See your healthcare supplier commonly to observe your aortic valve regurgitation. In case your signs are extreme or worsen, see your healthcare supplier straight away.

Subsequent steps

Ideas that will help you get probably the most from a go to to your healthcare supplier:

  • Know the rationale in your go to and what you wish to occur.

  • Earlier than your go to, write down questions you need answered.

  • Carry somebody with you that will help you ask questions and keep in mind what your supplier tells you.

  • On the go to, write down the identify of a brand new analysis, and any new medicines, therapies, or assessments. Additionally write down any new directions your supplier offers you.

  • Know why a brand new medication or remedy is prescribed, and the way it will make it easier to. Additionally know what the unwanted effects are.

  • Ask in case your situation might be handled in different methods.

  • Know why a check or process is advisable and what the outcomes may imply.

  • Know what to anticipate if you don’t take the medication or have the check or process.

  • When you’ve got a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and function for that go to.

  • Know how one can contact your healthcare supplier when you have questions, particularly after workplace hours or on weekends.